文章摘要
司法解释性质文件备案审查的困局与出路
The Dilemma Faced by Recordation Review of Documents of Judicial Interpretation Nature and Its Solution
  
DOI:
中文关键词:  司法解释;司法解释性质文件;备案审查;立法监督;宪法实施
英文关键词:  judicial interpretation; documents of judicial interpretation nature; recordation review; legislative supervision; implementation of the Constitution
基金项目:
作者单位
聂友伦 华东师范大学法学院 
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中文摘要:
      司法解释性质文件属于广义上的司法解释制度之产物,其虽无司法解释的规范地位,但依托于制发机关的权威性,仍具有普遍的规范效果。当前,司法解释性质文件并非立法监督的客体,无法报送全国人大常委会备案,但其作为法律实施监督与司法工作监督的客体,仍需由全国人大常委会审查。司法解释性质文件“不备案,但审查”的实践状况,既不契合当下规范性文件备案审查全覆盖的目标任务,也不利于有效监督的实现。为回应司法解释性质文件的备案难题,理论上有多种方案可供选择。实践中,可兼顾可操作性与监督效果,在不同阶段采不同方案:初期可通过内部备案初步完成对司法解释性质文件的覆盖,中期宜采并行备案模式强化监督力度,最终则通过对司法解释性质文件的分流和废弃,从根本上破解司法解释性质文件的备案审查困局。
英文摘要:
      Documents of judicial interpretation nature are products of the broader judicial interpretation system. Although these documents do not have the normative status of formal judicial interpretations, they still have a widespread normative effect due to the authoritative status of the issuing bodies. Currently, documents of judicial interpretation nature are not considered objects of legislative supervision mechanisms and therefore not subject to the recordation review by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress (NPC). However, given that these documents are subject to the supervision over law implementation and judicial practices, they should still be reviewed by the NPC Standing Committee. The existing approach of “non-recordation but review” creates a misalignment with the broader objective of ensuring full coverage of recordation review of normative documents and hampers the effective realization of meaningful supervision. To address this problem, several theoretical and practical solutions have been proposed. In practice, a phased approach could be adopted to resolve the dilemma of recordation review for these documents. In the initial phase, internal recordation mechanisms could be used to ensure preliminary coverage. In the intermediate phase, a parallel recordation model could be introduced to enhance the intensity of supervision. In the final phase, the dilemma could be comprehensively resolved through the classification and abolition of documents of judicial interpretation nature.
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