法学研究

文章摘要

积极悔罪制度的体系化:平等适用刑法原则消极面向的展开

Active Repentance System: Expansion on the Negative Dimension of the Principle of Equal Application of Criminal Law

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英文关键词: active repentance; equal application of criminal law; purpose of punishment; necessity of punishment; leniency for confession and acceptance of punishment

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作者	单位
李本灿	武汉大学法学院

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中文摘要:

积极悔罪制度对于落实平等适用刑法原则具有重要意义,我国当前的积极悔罪立法规定呈现政策回应性、片段性特征,不利于平等适用刑法原则的进一步落实。过往研究根据不同的功能取向,将积极悔罪区分为预防型和补偿型,这一类型区分无法完全涵盖我国当前立法,也无法有效回应刑事和解、认罪认罚从宽等制度的实体法供给需求,因而有必要予以重新类型化。积极悔罪制度可以类型化为构成要件关联型和非构成要件关联型,前者的法理基础是“刑罚目的实现+被害人保护”,后者的法理基础是“刑罚目的实现+公共利益维护/被害人保护”。尽管不同类型的积极悔罪方式各异、法理根据有别,但都具有刑罚论上的意义,这就为积极悔罪制度的总则化奠定了基础。在明确体系地位的基础上,应合理限定积极悔罪的法律后果。对此,应否定“以强制免罚为原则”的法律后果立法方案,并且注意与现行积极悔罪制度的体系协调。

英文摘要:

The active repentance system is of great importance in implementing the principle of equal application of criminal law. However, the current legislation of active repentance in China exhibits characteristics of policy responsiveness and fragmentation, which hinder the full realization of this principle.Previous research has categorized the active repentance system into preventive and compensatory types based on different functional orientations, which can’t fully encompass the current legislation in China or effectively respond to the substantive legal demands of such systems as criminal reconciliation and leniency for confession and acceptance of punishment. The active repentance system can be categorized into two types, i. e., those linked to the elements of crime and those not linked to them. The legal foundation for the former lies in the “realization of the purpose of punishment + victim protection”, while that for the latter is the “realization of the purpose of punishment + public interest maintenance/victim protection”. Although different types of active repentance have different approaches and legal bases, they both have significance in the theory of punishment in criminal law. This fact provides a foundation for codifying the active repentance system into the general provisions of Criminal Law. On the basis of clarifying the systematic position of active repentance, it is essential to reasonably limit its legal consequences. In this regard, legislative proposals based on the principle of “mandatory immunity from punishment” should be dismissed and attention should be paid to the alignment with the existing framework of the current active repentance system.

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