法学研究

文章摘要

论驳回公诉制度及其在我国刑事诉讼中的引入

Dismissal of Public Prosecution and Its Introduction into Chinese Criminal Procedure

DOI：

英文关键词: dismissing public prosecution; lis pendens; prosecution conditions; formal judgment

基金项目:

作者	单位
郭烁	中国政法大学诉讼法学研究院

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中文摘要:

法院受理公诉意味着公诉的合法性受到法院肯认,案件与受诉法院之间形成诉讼系属法律关系,进而产生诉讼客体确定、诉讼拘束确定以及(未来的)上诉审法院确定等法律效果。检视法理逻辑和司法实务,对法院受理公诉的条件有所限制,乃确保诉讼系属法律效果正确实现的制度必然。这些限制性条件,本质上包含案件的受审资格(审判权)、法院的管辖资格(管辖权)以及公诉的提起资格(起诉条件)三个层次。公诉缺乏以上任一条件,不能成立诉讼系属关系,刑事追诉欠缺合法性基础,法院没有进行实体审理从而作出有罪或无罪判决的程序空间;应然的处理方式,是由受请求法院作出以公诉不法为评价内容的终局处分。这种处分,在大陆法系理论中是以“驳回公诉”为内容的形式裁判。在我国刑事诉讼语境下,引入针对诉讼系属不能成立的驳回公诉裁判,既能弥补现有规范中欠缺公诉合法性评价机制的不足,又契合“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革、案件质量提升和轻罪治理之起诉控制的时代课题,兼具法理层面的正当性和实务层面的现实必要性。

英文摘要:

The acceptance of a public prosecution by a court signifies the court’s acknowledgment of the prosecution’s legality, thereby establishing a legal relationship of lis pendens between the case and the court. This relationship subsequently determines the object and the binding effect of litigation as well as the（future） appellate court. An examination on legal principles and judicial practice reveals that conditions restricting a court’s acceptance of a public prosecution are vital to ensure the correct realization of the legal effects of lis pendens. These restrictive conditions essentially involve three levels, that is, the case’s eligibility for trial（judicial authority）, the eligibility of court’s jurisdiction（jurisdiction）, and the eligibility of the prosecution（prosecution conditions）. If a public prosecution lacks any of these conditions, it cannot establish lis pendens, which means it lacks a legal foundation and the court has no procedural space to substantively hear the case and render a “guilty” or “not guilty” verdict consequently. The appropriate solution for the requested court is to make a final disposition evaluating the public prosecution as unlawful. In the theoretical context of civil law system, such a disposition takes the form of a formal judgment to dismiss the public prosecution. Introducing such experience into the Chinese criminal procedure not only compensates for the deficiencies in the current normative mechanism for evaluating the legality of prosecution, but also aligns with the current issues of implementing “trial-centered litigation system reform”, improving case quality, and controlling prosecution for minor offenses,and therefore has both theoretical legitimacy and practical necessity.

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