法学研究

文章摘要

论宣告失踪与宣告死亡

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作者	单位
尹田	北京大学法学院

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中文摘要:

我国民法典应当保留宣告失踪程序 ,但宣告失踪应以失踪人财产有代管之必要为条件 ,财产代管人与法定代理人有同等地位。失踪人的利害关系人的宣告死亡申请权不应有顺序之分。宣告死亡确定的死亡日期与自然死亡日期不同 ,当构成死亡宣告撤销事由。死亡宣告撤销前恶意继承人实施的无偿行为或单方行为在一定条件下应予撤销。

英文摘要:

China’s Civil Code should establish a system whereby a declaration of disappearance must precede a declaration of death.However，a precondition for the declaration of disappearance should be that there is a need to administer the property of the disappeared person and the administrator of such property should has the same status as legal agent.After a natural person has disappeared in an accident，his death may be confirmed with the certificates issued by the relevant authorities.There should be no order of priority among the interested persons in their right to apply for the declaration of death.The disparity between the date of death determined by the declaration of death and the actual date of death constitutes the cause for the invalidation of the declaration of death.Under certain circumstances，gratuitous or unilateral acts of a mala fide inheritor carried out before the invalidation of the declaration of death should be invalidated.If the declaration of death is invalidated，acquisitive prescription shall not applied to the possession of property by the inheritors.

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