法学研究

文章摘要

国家赔偿的归责原则与归责标准

Principle and Criteria of Fixation of Liability for State Compensation

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作者	单位
杨小君	国家行政学院法学部

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中文摘要:

按国家赔偿法的规定，国家赔偿的归责原则是违法归责原则。这个原则存在着自相矛盾、与刑事诉讼法规定不一致、过于严格限制受害人获得赔偿以及不能科学概括不同赔偿事项的特征等缺陷。在理论上，违法归责原则实际上把赔偿责任当成了评价责任和追究责任，而不是弥补责任。在事实上，它只是国家承担赔偿责任具体形式的归责标准之一。国家赔偿责任总的归责原则应当是受害人无过错或无负担损失的根据；国家承担赔偿责任具体形式的归责标准有违法标准、过错标准、结果标准、无过错标准及风险标准等五种标准形式。

英文摘要:

The Chinese State Compensation Law contains a principle of fixation of liability for state compensation, according to which the victim has the right to state compensation only if his damage is caused by the violation of the law by a state organ or functionary. This principle has many defects, such as self-co ntradictio n, incompatibility with provisions of the Criminal Procedure Law, undue restriction on the victim s right to compensation and inability to scientifically summarize the characters of different items of compensation. In theory, this principle has equaled the liability for compensation with the evaluatory or investigatory liability, rather than remedial liability. In reality, it is only one of the many criteria for the fixation of concrete forms of liability for state compensation, which include liability for the violation of law, liability for wrongs, liability for the consequences, liability without fault and liability for risks.

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