| China and the world need a kind of new humanism which absorbs the essence of Chinese and West humanism and merges cognitive rationality and moral rationality together so that modern politics and society can be founded on morality and rationality at the same time. It is desired and possible for China to move towards the humanistic way to moral and democratic rule of law and realize the moral and political ideal combining "inner saintliness" with "external kingliness" again.There are three historical and theoretical types of the rule of law, that is, the rule of law as legalism, Confucian rule of law and the rule of law as constitutionalism. Generally and historically, the rule of law as legalism is a kind of utilitarian and administrative rule of law, Confucian rule of law is a kind of moral and administrative rule of law, and the rule of law as constitutionalism is a kind of political and utilitarian rule of law. The kind of moral and democratic rule of law is absent in the history until now. Relatively, although the West constitutionalism attached importance to the rational humanism, liberal democracy and human rights, the moral dimension was ignored to some degree. Although Confucian rule of law valued the moral humanism, the dimension of democracy and natural rights wasn't developed sufficiently. On the whole, connecting democracy to morality, combining natural rights and morality, and harmonizing rational humanism with moral humanism are the hard but necessary task to complete in our present time.It is appropriate for modern China to make the two systems of "inner saintliness" and new "external kingliness" develop in parallel. On the one hand, the construction of "inner saintliness" should be based on human moral nature and moral rationality. On the other hand, the construction of new "external kingliness" should be based on human physical nature and cognitive rationality. Meanwhile, the way to moral perception which is different from experiential perception should be always open so that human moral spirit and moral humanity can enter into and play an important and innermost role in the modern system of new "external kingliness". |
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