法学研究

文章摘要

我国民法典法人基本类型模式选择

Selection of the Basic Mode of Categorization of Legal Persons in Chinese Civil Code

DOI：

英文关键词: legal person;for-profit legal person;corporate legal person;incorporated association;incorporated foundation

基金项目:

作者	单位
罗昆	武汉大学法学院

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中文摘要:

法人基本类型模式迄今仍属于制定民法典的重大争议问题之一。欲解决此等争议，须先就民法典法人类型化的方法及其意义、法人基本类型模式选择的标准等基础性理论形成清晰认识。为了充分实现民法典法人制度的价值承载和制度表达功能，民法典法人制度应采“解析性类型化”方法而非“叙述性类型化”方法，并以逻辑周延性、确定性和实质性区别作为民法典法人基本类型模式选择的三项标准。营利法人与非营利法人基本类型模式因无法满足任何一项标准、企业法人与非企业法人基本类型模式因无法满足确定性和实质性区别标准，均不足采用。经由重新认识的社团法人与财团法人基本类型模式可以满足全部三项类型选择标准，但此种类型模式还需以公法人制度、开放性的财团法人制度为支撑方得合理可行。我国民法典法人基本类型模式选择应舍弃“捐助法人”概念，采用社团法人与财团法人基本类型模式。

英文摘要:

Today, the basic mode of categorization of legal persons is still one of the major issues of controversy in the codification of civil law in China. In order to realize the functions of value conveyance and institutional expression, the legal person system in Chinese Civil Code should adopt the method of "analytical categorization", rather than that of "narrative categorization", and take logical adequacy, certainty and essential differences as the three main criteria for the selection of basic mode of categorization of legal persons. The mode that categorizes legal persons into for-profit legal persons and not-for-profit legal persons has been abandoned by Japanese Civil Code because it cannot meet anyone of the three criteria, neither should the mode that categorizes legal persons into corporate legal persons and non-corporate legal persons be accepted because it does not meet the criteria of certainty and essential differences. Only the mode that categorizes legal persons into incorporated associations and incorporated foundations, which is reinterpreted and based on the structure of legal person, can meet all the three standards. However, this mode of categorization can be deemed reasonable and feasible only if it is supported by the system of public legal persons and the system of open incorporated foundations. The future Chinese Civil Code should abandon the concept of "donation legal person" as a basic category of legal person and adopt the basic mode that categorizes legal persons into incorporated associations and incorporated foundations.

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