法学研究

文章摘要

纪检监察机关大数据监督的规范化与制度构建

NormalizationandInstitutionConstructionforBigDataSupervisionbyDisciplinaryInspectionandSupervisionOrgans

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英文关键词: disciplinaryinspectionandsupervision;bigdatasupervision;personalinformationprotection;governmentdata

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作者	单位
杨建军

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中文摘要:

多地纪检监察机关开展的大数据监督实践探索，推动了权力监督制约机制的现代化，也引发了对于大数据监督正当性的追问。当前的大数据监督实践，缺乏规范化的大数据支撑和明晰的大数据监督准则，在制度层面存在赋权不足和限权不足的问题。完善大数据监督制度，既需要对纪检监察机关共享大数据予以制度赋权，也需要强化对纪检监察机关大数据监督的权力制约，化解数据处理规则与监督规则、数字逻辑与法律专业逻辑之间的冲突。应明确纪检监察机关对政务大数据的共享权力，及其对政法类数据与法律监督类数据的调取和使用规则；规范纪检监察机关技术调查手段的使用；改进非立案情形下的数据查询制度。纪检监察机关在查办涉嫌刑事犯罪的案件时，还应对照刑事诉讼证据规则搜集、调取和固定证据，避免证据因违反法定程序而被排除。

英文摘要:

Thepracticalexplorationofbigdatasupervisionbydisciplinaryinspectionandsupervisionorgansinmanyplaceshaspromotedthemodernizationofpowersupervisionandrestrictionmechanisms,andgiverisetoquestionsaboutthelegitimacyofbigdatasupervision.Thecurrentpracticeofbigdatasupervisionlacksbothstandardizedbigdatasupportandclearbigdatasupervisioncriteria,andhasproblemsofinsufficientempowermentandlimitedcompetenceattheinstitutionallevel.Theimprovementofthebigdatasupervisionsystemrequiresnotonlyinstitutionallyempoweringdisciplinaryinspectionandsupervisionorganstosharebigdata,butalsostrengtheningtherestrictiononthebigdatasupervisionpowerofdisciplinaryinspectionandsupervisionorgans,soastoresolvetheconflictsbetweendatarulesandsupervisionrules,andbetweendigitallogicandlegalprofessionallogic.Chinashouldclarifythepowerofdisciplinaryinspectionandsupervisionorganstosharegovernmentbigdataandtherulesfortheacquirementanduseofprocuratorial,judicial,andpublicsecuritydataandlegalsupervisiondata,standardizetheuseoftechnicalinvestigationmeansbydisciplinaryinspectionandsupervisionorgans,andimprovetheinstitutionofdatainquiryinnon-casefilingsituations.Wheninvestigatingcasesinvolvingsuspectedcrimes,disciplinaryinspectionandsupervisionorgansshouldcollect,acquireandfixevidenceinaccordancewiththerulesofevidenceincriminalprocedure,soastopreventsuchevidencefrombeingexcludedduetoviolationoflegalprocedures.

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