法学研究

文章摘要

明代监察系统内部监察制度析论

On the Internal Supervisory Institution of the Supervisory System in the Ming Dynasty

DOI：

英文关键词: the Ming Dynasty; the supervisory system; the internal supervision

基金项目:

作者	单位
陈国平	中国社会科学院法学研究所

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中文摘要:

明朝统治者高度重视对监察权的监督制约，本着“治人者必先自治”的原则，将法定的监察形式充分运用于监察系统内部，在六科与都察院系统之间、都察院与十三道监察御史之间、都察院及御史与按察使司之间、巡按御史与督抚之间都建立了互相监察的制度。明代监察系统内部监察制度具有相互制衡、网络严密、全过程监察、规则明确、形式丰富多样等特点，对于充分发挥监察机关的监察效能，维护中央集权统治起到了重要促进作用。但是，因其为绝对君主专制制度的伴生物，核心在于维护以皇权为中心的君主专制统治，在专制统治走向衰败时就暴露出一些致命缺点，最终成了它的殉葬品。

英文摘要:

The rulers of the Ming Dynasty attached high importance to supervising and restricting the supervisory power. In accordance with the principle of “he who governs others must first govern himself”, they fully applied the statutory form of supervision to the internal supervisory system and established a system of mutual supervision between the Six Administrative Sections and the Censorate, between the Censorate and the Thirteen Branches of Imperial Inspectors, between the Censorate or the censors and the Inspector Department, and between imperial itinerant inspectors and governors. This system was characterized by mutual checks and balances, a strict network, whole process supervision, clear rules, diverse forms and so on. As such, it played an important role in giving full play to the supervisory efficiency of the supervisory apparatus and preserving the centralized state power. However, as the companion of the absolute monarchical autocracy, its central aim was to maintain the monarchical autocracy centered on the imperial power, thus exposed some fatal shortcomings when the autocratic rule declined and finally became the martyrdom of the monarchical autocracy.

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