法学研究

文章摘要

刑事司法公平正义感受的主观程序正义框架与测度——以2015-2023年全国调查数据为基础

Framework and Measurement of Criminal Subjective Procedural Justice on Public’s Perception of Fairness and Justice

DOI：

英文关键词: criminal justice; fairness and justice; subjective procedural justice; empirical study

基金项目:

作者	单位
吴洪淇	北京大学法学院

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中文摘要:

“努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中感受到公平正义”，是我国刑事司法公平正义理念的根本宗旨。主观程序正义研究为探究社会公众的公平正义感受，提供了一个基本的分析框架，在程序正义的核心要素和分析方法方面，则提供了重要借鉴。通过2015年至2023年全国范围内七次调查数据，可以展示我国社会公众刑事司法公平正义感受的基本样态，在此基础上能够总结出我国社会公众刑事司法公平正义感受的变迁格局。整体上说，我国社会公众对刑事司法公平正义的评价趋于上升，但不同维度之间也呈现出差异化的变迁态势。从法律职业的内外差别看，法律职业人员与社会公众对刑事司法公平正义的感受呈现显著分化。从涉诉受访者与非涉诉受访者的不同视角看，刑事司法公平正义感受呈现出相对更优、基本持平、相对更差三重关系样态。从受访者的背景看，受访者对刑事司法公平正义的感受会随着性别、年龄层次、文化程度、地域的不同而呈现不同样态。刑事司法体制与诉讼制度改革必须以刑事司法公平正义感受的差异化格局为基础，在未来的改革中给予有针对性的回应。

英文摘要:

“Striving to enable the people to feel fairness and justice in every judicial case” is the fundamental purpose of the concept of fairness and justice of criminal proceedings. The study of subjective procedural justice provides a basic analytical framework for discussing the public’s perception of fairness and justice as well as important references for the research on core elements and analytical methods of procedural justice. Based on the data of seven national surveys conducted between 2015 and 2023, this paper depicts the basic picture of the public’s perception of fairness and justice in criminal justice in China and summarizes the changing pattern of this perception. On the whole, the public’s evaluation of fairness and justice in criminal proceedings has become increasingly positive, but there has also been a differentiated trend of change in different dimensions. From the perspective of internal-external differences in the legal profession, there is a significant differentiation between the legal professionals and the public in terms of the perception of fairness and justice in criminal justice. From the different perspectives of respondents involved and not involved in litigation, the perception of fairness and justice in criminal justice presents a triple relationship pattern that contains relatively better, basically balanced and relatively worse. From the perspective of the backgrounds of respondents, the perception of the fairness and justice in criminal justice also vary depending on the gender, age group, educational level, and geographical location. The reform of the judicial and litigation systems must be based on this differentiated pattern and provide targeted responses in future institutional reforms.

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