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基本权利私人效力的民法审视 |
The Civil Law Perspective on the Horizontal Effect of Fundamental Rights |
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DOI: |
中文关键词:
基本权利;客观价值秩序;公序良俗;第三人效力;宪法与民法
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英文关键词:
fundamental rights; objective value order; public order and good morals; effect on the third party; constitutional law and civil law |
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中文摘要: |
基本权利的私人效力问题关乎宪法与民法的关系,若不能充分结合具体的民法规范和民法原理加以研究,对相关问题的讨论就难以深入和精细。从民法的角度观察,宪法学界在基本权利私人效力问题上的诸多争议,大都可能因误解所致。现代宪法要求国家正视私人之间的实力落差,控制社会强势主体的力量。为回应现代宪法理念的要求,民法需要在法律制定和法律适用层面作出调适。基本权利私人效力是传统民法向现代民法转型过程中出现的一个法律现象,其体现了民法在适用层面为回应宪法理念所作的调适,但这种调适仍需坚守民法上的主体平等原则,要求基本权利的适用有所克制。基本权利间接效力说可谓现代宪法理念与民法基本原则双向调适的结果,其既能实现民法对私人之间实力落差的有效回应,又能维护民法之本,因而必然成为理论和实践上的优选,应当获得通说地位。 |
英文摘要: |
The horizontal effect of fundamental rights involves the fundamental relationship between constitutional law and civil law. Without fully integrating specific civil law norms and legal principles, discussions on related matters would be hard to achieve depth and precision. From the civil law perspective, many controversies in constitutional academia regarding the horizontal effect of fundamental rights may stem from misunderstandings. Modern constitutional law demands that states acknowledge power disparities between private persons and curb the influence of dominant social actors. To align with modern constitutional principles, civil law must adapt in both legislation and judicial application. The horizontal effect of fundamental rights represents a legal phenomenon emerging during the transformation of traditional civil law into modern civil law, reflecting civil law’s adaptation to constitutional principles in its application. However, such adaptation must preserve the civil law principle of equality among subjects, which requires the restrained application of fundamental rights. The doctrine of the indirect horizontal effect of fundamental rights can be seen as the result of mutual adaptation between modern constitutional principles and fundamental principles of civil law. This approach enables civil law to effectively address power disparities in private persons while maintaining its essential character, thereby naturally emerging as the optimal theoretical and practical solution that deserves recognition as the prevailing doctrine. |
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