法学研究

文章摘要

电子游戏著作权保护中思想与表达的界分方法

Method of Distinguishing Between Idea and Expression in the Copyright Protection of Video Games

DOI：

英文关键词: idea-expression dichotomy; internal expressions; functional expressions; video game “cloning”

基金项目:

作者	单位
朱冬	南开大学法学院

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中文摘要:

方法的选择对于个案中思想与表达的界分结果影响甚大。思想一词的多义性，导致其与表达的界分不可能适用统一标准。思想与表达的界分，是体现价值判断的类型归属过程，非简单逻辑涵摄所能完成。应以作品中可受保护之表达作为界分的逻辑起点。作品中可受保护之表达具有层次性特征，作为结构存在的内在表达，亦应纳入可受保护之表达的范畴。不同含义之思想与可受保护之表达间的关系未必相同，需要根据两者之间的不同关系，采用不同的界分标准逐步进行排除。该分析框架与“抽象—过滤—对比法”相合。电子游戏“换皮”类案件中，直接排除抽象玩法规则后，应当认可足够具体之游戏结构属于表达范畴，功能性思想的排除则需借助合并规则、必要场景规则完成。

英文摘要:

Method selection exerts a significant influence on the distinction between idea and expression in individual cases. The polysemous nature of the term “idea” indicates that the distinction between idea and expression cannot be governed by a uniform standard. This delineation constitutes a value-laden process of categorical classification rather than mere logical subsumption. In case-specific determinations, the analytical framework should commence with identifying protectable expression within the work. Protectable expression exhibits hierarchical characteristics, encompassing both external manifestations and internal structural configurations. The relationship between differently conceptualized “ideas” and protectable expression may vary substantially. During the progressive filtration of unprotected elements, distinct criteria must be applied while accounting for the unique interrelationships between idea and expression. This analytical paradigm aligns with the “abstraction-filtration-comparison” test. In video game “cloning” disputes, after abstracting high-level game rules, sufficiently concrete structural implementations should be recognized as protectable expression. The exclusion of functional ideas necessitates the application of the merger doctrine or scènes à faire principle to complete this analytical process.

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