法学研究

文章摘要

不法原因给付与财产犯罪：以民刑法律效果的接续为视角

Performance Based on Illegal Cause and Property Crimes: Perspective of the Effect Continuity of Civil and Criminal Law

DOI：

中文关键词: 不法原因给付;行为无效;民刑接续;财产犯罪;法律效果

英文关键词: performance based on illegal cause; invalid juristic acts; continuity of civil and criminal law; property crimes; legal effects

基金项目:

作者	单位
陈少青	中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心

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中文摘要:

对于不法原因给付，域外和我国形成了两种不同的民法处理路径。与德日等国在民法中设立不法原因给付条款不同，我国民法典将不法原因给付的处理置于行为无效的制度框架下，并在给付行为涉及刑事责任的场合，将给付物的处置权限移交给了刑法。在此背景下，不宜将部分域外做法作为财产犯罪的认定依据，相关问题的处理视角应从“行为规范—违法性”转为“裁判规范—法律效果”。当不法原因给付本身涉及刑事犯罪时，给付物作为违法所得应予以追缴、没收；财产犯罪的认定则应基于“经济财产说”,由刑法作独立判断。当不法原因给付本身不涉及刑事犯罪时，根据我国民法典的规定，给付物因给付行为无效而应返还给付人。若受领人采取欺骗、胁迫等手段取得给付物或拒绝返还给付物，则由刑法进一步判断是否构成财产犯罪。

英文摘要:

China has developed an approach to the civil-law treatment of performance based on illegal cause distinct from those of other countries. Unlike jurisdictions such as Germany and Japan, which expressly provide for performance based on illegal cause in their civil codes, the Civil Code of China addresses such performance within the institutional framework of invalid juristic acts. Moreover, where an act or its performance entails criminal liability, the authority to dispose of the subject matter of performance is transferred to criminal law. Against this background, it is inappropriate to treat the partial extraterritorial practices as the basis for determining property crimes. The analytical perspective should shift from “conduct norms and illegality” to “adjudicative norms and legal effects”. Where performance based on illegal cause itself constitutes a criminal offense, the subject matter of performance should be recovered or confiscated as illegal proceeds, and the determination of property crimes should be made independently in accordance with criminal law on the basis of the “economic property theory.” Where performance based on illegal cause itself does not constitute a criminal offense, the subject matter of performance should be returned to the provider due to the invalidity of the act according to the Civil Code of China. If the recipient obtains the subject matter through deception, coercion, or other improper means, or refuses to return it, criminal law should then be applied to assess further whether a property crime is constituted.

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