法学研究

文章摘要

限定继承制转型研究——以遗产管理与限定继承的互动为视角

Research on the Transformation of the Limited Inheritance System

DOI：

英文关键词: limited inheritance; natural succession; limited liability; estate administration; confusion of assets

基金项目:

作者	单位
肖俊	上海交通大学凯原法学院

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中文摘要:

民法典增设遗产管理制度，标志着我国的限定继承制开始转型，即改变无条件限定继承模式，寻找更为科学的遗产清算机制。但当前的遗产管理制度过于简单，无法有效引导继承人忠实勤勉地维持遗产独立性、限制继承混同和保障限定继承制的顺利运行。在既有继承法的框架下，借鉴公司法、破产法的有限责任原理，结合中国法律文化传统以及限定继承制在我国的发展历程，可以在民法典第1147条与第1161条联动的基础上，建构有条件的限定继承模式，为诚实继承人提供有限责任保护，同时保持必要情况下无限继承的威慑作用，实现人道主义关怀与有限责任机制的平衡。

英文摘要:

The introduction of estate administration provisions in the Civil Code marks a pivotal shift in China's limited inheritance system, moving beyond the traditional model of unconditional limited liability toward a more scientific approach to satisfying succession debts. However, the current estate administration rules remain overly simplistic and ineffective. They fail to provide adequate guidance for heirs to diligently separate inherited assets from their personal property, and can neither restrict the confusion of inheritance, nor guarantee smooth running of the limited inheritance regime. To address this gap, this paper proposes a new model of limited liability for succession debts within the current system of inheritance law. This model draws on the limited liability mechanism found in company law and bankruptcy law, integrates China's distinct legal and cultural traditions, and incorporates insights from the developing history of limited inheritance in China. A model of conditional limited inheritance can be constructed based on the interaction between Articles 1147 and 1161 of the Civil Code, which would offer limited liability protection to diligent heirs while preserving the deterrent effect of unlimited liability under necessary circumstances, ultimately achieve an organic balance between humanitarian concern and limited liability mechanism.

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