文章摘要
扩用无因管理相反请求权研究
Contrary Claim of Negotiorum Gestio Utilis
  
DOI:
中文关键词:  扩用无因管理;相反请求权;不当得利;自由接受;强迫得利
英文关键词:  negotiorum gestio utilis; contrary claim; unjust enrichment; free acceptance; forced enrichment
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作者单位
李中原  
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中文摘要:
      扩用无因管理相反请求权可以作为我国民法典第980条的学术统称。第980条的适用范围包括不真正无因管理、不正当无因管理以及有益无因管理。改良或处分自己财产行为的溢出效应、宣传性或政府性行为的惠及效应均应排除于扩用无因管理的边界之外。判定扩用无因管理相反请求权能否成立,须依次评估管理行为给本人带来的得利是否具有可转移性、本人是否构成自由接受、得利对本人是否具有主观价值、管理对本人是否必要、管理人对管理行为之不正当性或权利瑕疵的认知状态。扩用无因管理人依第980条享有的价值补偿请求权,在得利对本人无价值或者管理人明知管理行为之不正当性或权利瑕疵仍然实施管理并产生有益费用的场合,应予排除,除非本人自由接受;在管理人因过失而不知管理行为之不正当性或权利瑕疵的场合,其管理行为产生的有益费用应当根据管理人的过失程度减轻本人的补偿责任。本人对有益费用承担补偿责任的,应当在其经济能力的范围内适当补偿。
英文摘要:
      The contrary claim of negotiorum gestio utilis can be regarded as the academic general term of Article 980 of the Chinese Civil Code. The scope of application of Article 980 of the Civil Code includes unreal negotiorum gestio, unjustified negotiorum gestio and beneficial negotiorum gestio. The spillover effect of the act of improving or disposing of one’s own property and the beneficial effects of publicity or government actions should be excluded from the expanded boundaries of negotiorum gestio . To determine whether a contrary claim of negotiorum gestio utilis is valid, we must evaluate in turn whether the benefits to the principal by the management behavior are transferable, whether the principal constitutes free acceptance, whether the benefits are subjectively valuable to the principal, whether the management is necessary for the principal and what is the cognitive state of the manager for the unjustification or defect of rights in the management behavior. When the benefits are of no value to the principal, or when the manager knows that there is some unjustification or defect of rights in the management behavior but still implements the management which incurs beneficial expenses, the manager’s claim for value restitution under Article 980 should be excluded unless freely accepted by the principal. When the manager, due to negligence, is unaware of the unjustification or defect of rights in the management behavior, the liability of the principal to restitute the beneficial expenses arising from the management should be reduced according to the degree of negligence of the manager. If the principal bears the liability for the beneficial expenses, he should make appropriate restitution within the scope of his economic capacity.
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