法学研究

文章摘要

基本权利功能视野下平台经济不正当竞争认定范式重塑

Reshaping the Identification Paradigm of Unfair Competition in the Platform Economy by the Functions of Fundamental Rights

DOI：

中文关键词: 基本权利;平台经济;不正当竞争;利益平衡;比例原则

英文关键词: fundamental rights; platform economy; unfair competition; interest-balancing; the principle of proportionality

基金项目:

作者	单位
张占江	浙江大学光华法学院

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中文摘要:

不正当竞争认定中的传统利益平衡范式过于抽象且规范性不足,适用于具有竞合性、非对称性的平台竞争关系时,或者过度限制经营者的竞争自由,或者忽视对消费者自由决策的保护。对基本权利功能的呼应与转换,为反不正当竞争法回应平台经济发展提供了坚固的法理支撑和稳定的操作程式。基于基本权利防御权功能和国家保护义务功能,可以将传统利益平衡范式重塑为一个新的三阶层认定范式。在三个阶层中依次考虑竞争行为受何种基本权利保护,竞争参与者之间是否存在基本权利侵害以及如何避免“过度限制”和“保护不足”。如果没有基本权利侵害,对竞争行为进行干预的正当化权衡只需适用比例原则,反之,则必须包含禁止保护不足原则的考虑,且该原则应优先于比例原则适用。

英文摘要:

The traditional interest-balancing paradigm of identification of unfair competition is highly abstract and normatively inadequate. When applied to asymmetrical relations of platform competition, this paradigm either overly restricts operators’ freedom of competition or disregards the protection of consumers’ free decision-making. Echoing and transforming the functions of fundamental rights, the Anti-Unfair Competition Law can address the development of the platform economy with a solid legal basis and a stable operational procedure. Based on the fundamental rights’ preventive function as well as state’s obligation to protect them, the traditional interest-balancing paradigm can be reshaped into a new threetier one. It should consider in three tiers successively about by what fundamental rights the competitive practice in question is protected, whether there is an infringement on fundamental rights committed by competition-related parties, and how to avoid “over-restriction” and “insufficient protection”. If there is no infringement on fundamental rights, only the principle of proportionality needs to be applied in considering the justifiability of intervention in a competitive behavior. If there is an infringement on fundamental rights, the principle of prohibiting insufficient protection must be applied before the application of the principle of proportionality.

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