法学研究

文章摘要

互联网平台处罚权的法律规制

Legal Regulation of the Penalty Power of Internet Platforms

DOI：

英文关键词: platform penalties; private power; the principle of suiting penalty to fault; the principle of proportionality; due process

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作者	单位
刘权	中央财经大学

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中文摘要:

当前平台处罚已经成为平台维护网络公共空间秩序的基本手段,实现平台处罚正义是确保平台经济高质量发展的关键。平台处罚权并非源于国家授权或委托,而是源于用户让渡的权利和国家设定的法定义务。平台处罚的实质并非追究违约责任,而是平台对违反平台规则行为实施的惩戒,是新型社会规范设定的制裁措施。平台既是市场经营者也是市场规制者,容易滥用和不当行使处罚权。为减少平台处罚权的失范风险,应对平台处罚的设定和实施加以规制。鉴于平台具有双重主体身份,对平台处罚的规制应采公私法融合的路径,平台处罚既要符合私法上的公平原则、禁止权利滥用原则,也要受公法上的过罚相当原则、比例原则等约束。为了保证平台处罚正义的完整实现,还需为平台处罚设定最低限度的正当程序要求。鉴于平台相对于用户处于优势地位,法院在司法审查中不应过于偏向平台自治,而应对平台处罚的实体公正性和程序正当性进行必要的实质性审查。

英文摘要:

Platform penalties have become a fundamental means for platforms to maintain order in the online public space. Ensuring the justice of platform penalties is crucial for the high-quality development of the platform economy. Platform penalty power does not stem from state authorization or delegation but rather from rights ceded by users and legal obligations set by the state. The essence of platform penalties is not liability for breach of contract, but rather the punishment imposed by the platform on behaviors that violate platform rules, which are sanction measures established by new social norms. As both market operators and regulators, platforms are prone to abuse and improper exercise of their penalty powers.To reduce the risk of anomie in platform penalties, it is necessary to regulate the setting and implementation of such penalties. Given the dual identity of platforms, the regulation of platform penalties should adopt a path that integrates public and private law. Platform penalties must comply with the principles of fairness and the prohibition of abuse of rights in private law, as well as be subject to the principles of suiting penalty to fault and proportionality in public law. To ensure the complete realization of justice in platform penalties, it is also necessary to set minimum requirements for due process. Considering the superior position of platforms over users, courts should not be overly partial to platform autonomy in judicial review but should conduct necessary substantive reviews of the substantive fairness and procedural legitimacy of platform penalties.

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