法学研究

文章摘要

将有财产担保效力的破产阻断

Restriction on the Effect of Security on Future Property by the Bankruptcy Law

DOI：

英文关键词: security on future property; preference; post-petition performance; unjust enrichment

基金项目:

作者	单位
张静	中南财经政法大学法学院

摘要点击次数: 7

全文下载次数: 0

中文摘要:

将有财产担保满足处分权之外的生效要件的,可在担保人取得担保财产时自动生效。普通债权人在与担保权人争夺担保人的责任财产时处于结构性不利地位,故破产法应在担保人破产时妥当限制担保效力。生效于破产撤销临界期内的担保应适用破产撤销规则,且偏颇清偿的认定得以无担保债权额度是否降低为标准。动产、应收账款担保的财产互换不构成偏颇清偿,为避免证明困境、满足交易需求,可在计算无担保债权额度时直接以互换结果为准。担保权人提供的新融资可直接纳入无担保债权额度的计算过程,但债务人的清偿是否构成偏颇清偿需单独认定。依个别清偿无效规则,担保不得延及担保人破产后的新财产,但已经成立的担保权不受影响,且可能因物上代位而发生转换。然而,仅此不足以平衡担保权人与普通债权人的利益,还应通过不当得利制度予以矫正。担保财产及其转换消耗破产财产而增值的,增值利益应归入破产财产。破产财产因担保财产价值贬损而增加的,担保权人有权主张不当得利。

英文摘要:

If future property is provided as collateral by satisfying all the other requirements, other than that of the power of disposal, the security right will take effect automatically upon acquisition of the collateral by the provider. The provider’s unsecured creditors are at a structurally disadvantaged position when competing against the secured creditor for patrimony. This requires bankruptcy law to restrict the effect of security. Where a security right takes effect during the preference period, the rules of avoidance can apply according to whether the amount of the unsecured claim decreases. For security on movables,substitution of old collateral with new collateral does not constitute any preference. To avert the proof dilemma and cater to commercial practice, the net result of substitution matters in calculating the amount of the unsecured claim. New finance provided by the secured creditor can be calculated into the unsecured claim together, while whether the debtor’s payment constitutes preference needs to be determined separately. Due to invalidity of the post-petition performance, no security right shall attach to the property obtained by the bankruptcy administrator, but the pre-petition security remains unaffected and may convert. Nevertheless, this does not necessarily guarantee a fair balance between the secured creditor and unsecured creditors. For fair distribution, the rule of unjust enrichment can apply. If the collateral or its substitute increases in value by consuming bankruptcy assets, the increased part should be attributed to the bankruptcy estate. If the bankruptcy estate increases due to derogation of the collateral, the secured creditor is entitled to restitution.

查看全文下载PDF阅读器

关闭