法学研究

文章摘要

特别条款优先效力的理论困境及其解决路径——以特别关系的类型区分为视角

Theoretical Dilemma and Its Solutions of Priority Effect of Special Provisions in the Criminal Law

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英文关键词: concurrence of legal provisions; special provisions; special mitigating relationship; special aggravating relationship; the effect of legal punishment

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作者	单位
邓毅丞	华南师范大学法学院

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中文摘要:

特别关系是指,普通条款与特别条款之间具有法益同一性和逻辑包容性的竞合类型。关于特别条款的优先效力,存在两个理论误区,一是夸大特别条款对普通条款的排斥作用,二是消解法条竞合与想象竞合的界限。对此,应当以特别关系的类型区分作为纠偏路径。特别关系的具体类型取决于特别条款与普通条款在不法和责任上的不同点。据此,特别关系可区分为特别减轻关系和特别加重关系,前者排除普通条款的重刑适用功能和补充适用功能,后者则不然。特别加重关系和特别减轻关系的区分,不能仅依据司法解释确立的立案标准,而应当根据法定的处罚效果进行综合比较,法定最高刑、法定最低刑、附加刑等都是处罚效果的判断因素。基本犯和加重犯的处罚效果不能混同,应当在罪刑构造的基础上,以罪刑均衡为导向,确定特别关系类型的区分范围在基本犯层面和加重犯层面是整体评价还是个别评价。据此,盗伐林木罪、贪污罪、金融诈骗罪等争议条款的优先效力需要重新审视。

英文摘要:

Special relationship refers to the type of concurrence where general and special provisions have the same legal interests and logical inclusiveness. There are two theoretical misunderstandings regarding the priority effect of special provisions: one is to exaggerate the exclusionary effect of special provisions on general provisions, and the other is to remove the boundary between concurrence of legal provisions and concurrence of imagined crimes. The type theory of special relationship should be adopted to rectify the above misunderstandings. The concrete type of a special relationship depends on the differences between special and general provisions regarding to illegality and liability. Based on this, special relationships can be classified into mitigating and aggravating relationships. The former excludes the application of general provisions for severe punishment and supplementary application, but the latter does not. The distinction between special aggravating relationships and special mitigating relationships should be made not solely based on the case-filing standards established by judicial interpretations, but through a comprehensive comparison of statutory penalty effects. The highest statutory penalty, the lowest statutory penalty, and additional penalties are all factors to be considered in determining the penalty effects.The penalty effects of a basic offense should not be confused with those of an aggravated offense. Whether the distinction scope of the type of special relationship is an overall evaluation or an individual one on the levels of basic offense and/or aggravated offense should be based on the structure of crime and punishment and guided by the principle of proportionality between crime and punishment. According to this, the priority effect of controversial provisions such as those on the crime of illegal felling of trees,the crime of corruption, and the crime of financial fraud, needs to be re-examined.

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