法学研究

文章摘要

赓续法脉:中华法的条标立法设置

Onthe Setting of Section Headings in the Traditional Chinese Law

DOI：

英文关键词: section heading; legislative techniques; the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty; cultural inheritance; modernization of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics

基金项目:

作者	单位
周东平	厦门大学法学院

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中文摘要:

条标是设置于法条正文之前或侧边的法律短语,包括概括内容的主旨型条标和指引来源的参引型条标两类。我国古代条标属于主旨型条标,但在清末变法修律中,因照搬日本等国的法条结构而被废除。然而,条标所具有的索引、称名、排列和建构等功能至今仍具有参考价值与实践意义。大陆法系条标则源于罗马法的《学说汇纂》,后消失在法律渊源多样的中世纪。至20世纪,大陆法系受新学说和英美法系的影响,逐渐踏上条标复兴之路。当代中国尚未有设条标之法,而立法、司法和法学教育等领域对条标的现实需求却日益增长。在立法严密化的背景下,应由立法机关主导,在传承中华传统优秀条标立法技术的基础上,理性吸收域外尤其大陆法系条标的设计理论,自主创造出一套符合中国式法治现代化道路的条标规范。

英文摘要:

Section headings are legal phrases placed before or on the side of articles of law. They can be divided into two categories: those summarizing the content and those indicating sources. Section headings in ancient China belonged to the first category. They were abolished during the legal reform in the late Qing Dynasty because the legislators at that time chose to imitate the legal structures of Japan and other countries. Nevertheless, the indexing, naming, arranging, and constructing functions of section headings have reference and practical values even today. Section headings in the civil law system originated from the Codification of Doctrines in Roman law. However, they disappeared in the Middle Ages,when the sources of law became diversified. In the twentieth century, under the influence of the new legal doctrine and the section headings of the common law system, the statute law of the civil law system began to revive section headings. In the new era, section headings are not indicated in Chinese laws,but the demand for section headings in such fields as legislation, administration of justice, and legal education in China is rising. In the context of tightening legislation, legislative organs in China should take the lead in carrying forward the excellent traditional Chinese legislative techniques and drawing on the experience of civil law countries, and create a set of section heading norms compatible with the path of modernization of the rule of law with Chinese characteristics.

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